The Nobel Prize Winners in Physics 2018 has been published on My website bdjobstoday.info today. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018, Nobel Prize for Physics In 2018. Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 2018, nobel prize in Physics are search option to get information of The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 was awarded “for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics” with one half to Arthur Ashkin “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems”, the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses” .” The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. You can find the full details about The Nobel Prize Winners in Physics 2018 here. You can also check out this similar Nobel Prize Awarded in Medicine for cancer research – 2018 here.
The Nobel Prize Winners in Physics 2018
Branch of the Prize: Physics
Year: 2018
Winner of Nobel Prize in Physics 2018:
1. Arthur Ashkin:
Born: 2 September 1922, New York, NY, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA
Prize motivation: “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems.”
Prize share: 1/2
2. Gérard Mourou:
Affiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France , University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Prize motivation: “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses.”
Prize share: 1/4
3. Donna Strickland:
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Prize motivation: “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses.”
Prize share: 1/4
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Tools made of light:
The inventions being honoured this year have revolutionised laser physics. Extremely small objects and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen in a new light. Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications.
Arthur Ashkin: invented optical tweezers that grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their laser beam fingers. This new tool allowed Ashkin to realise an old dream of science fiction – using the radiation pressure of light to move physical objects. He succeeded in getting laser light to push small particles towards the centre of the beam and to hold them there. Optical tweezers had been invented.
A major breakthrough came in 1987, when Ashkin used the tweezers to capture living bacteria without harming them. He immediately began studying biological systems and optical tweezers are now widely used to investigate the machinery of life.
Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland: paved the way towards the shortest and most intense laser pulses ever created by mankind. Their revolutionary
Using an ingenious approach, they succeeded in creating ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses without destroying the amplifying material. First they stretched the laser pulses in time to reduce their peak power, then amplified them, and finally compressed them. If a pulse is compressed in time and becomes shorter, then more light is packed together in the same tiny space – the intensity of the pulse increases dramatically.
Strickland and Mourou’s newly invented technique, called chirped pulse amplification, CPA, soon became standard for subsequent high-intensity lasers. Its uses include the millions of corrective eye surgeries that are conducted every year using the sharpest of laser beams.
The innumerable areas of application have not yet been completely explored. However, even now these celebrated inventions allow us to rummage around in the microworld in the best spirit of Alfred Nobel – for the greatest benefit to humankind.
